The Château de Lanquais
The Château de Lanquais is located in the commune of Lanquais in the French department of Dordogne. It dates from the 15th and 16th centuries. It is listed as a historical monument on July 8, 1942 and register the September 14, 2010.
Presentation
Built in the Périgord Pourpre region, the Château de Lanquais is nicknamed “the unfinished Louvre of Perigord” and can be visited.
When you are in the courtyard, you can see the difference between the two parts of the castle:
on the right, a medieval castle built in the 14th and 15th centuries, up to the staircase tower,
on the left, a Renaissance castle built from the reign of Charles IX and completed in 1604. The building is reminiscent of the Lescot wing at the Louvre.
There have been at least three castles in Lanquais built on a prehistoric settlement site.
Chronology
8th century, probably on the site of the Gallo-Roman pagus, we can link the term Linicassio given by Raban Maur.
10th century to 12th century, the place is a residence of the bishops ofPérigueux. It only includes one dungeon.
11th century, the castle is probably protected by a wooden palisade along the ditches.
12th century, construction of stone curtain walls of which some vestiges remain.
13th century, the castle belongs to the Mons family. Construction of the stately home consisting of a rectangular tower.
In 1276, an old noble lair called "Linquaychs" exists, dependent on the castellany of Beaumont.
In 1320, a fortress exists, built by the Mons family. The châtellenie composed of four parishes is detached from Beaumont.
15th century, constructionof the large round tower with battlements.
Around 1460, Jean de la Cropte (died around 1470), who had just rallied the king of France after having taken the side of the king of England, received the title of governor of the place of Beaumont. In 1457 he obtained exemption from royal aid for his lands. He had the octagonal tower built on the foundations of the old keep which had been burned down by the English. The plan of the castle is reminiscent of that of several castles in the region, in particular that of the Château de l'Herm or the Château des Milandes.
November 21, 1531, Marguerite de la Cropte, last heiress of the family, marries Gilles de La Tour. The de La Tour family is related to that of the La Tour d'Auvergne. This family is linked to the Medici and the French monarchy following the marriage of Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne with Laurent II de Médicis in 1513 from which was born Catherine de Médicis who married in 1533 the King of France Henri II.
Between 1561 and 1574, Galliot de La Tour, son of the preceding, lord of Limeuil, captain of a company of orderlies of the King and knight of the order of Saint Michel, had the construction of the Renaissance castle undertaken, in which the architect Pierre Souffron after Patrick Esclafer de La Rode. He will use the master builders of the royal residences to build in a country won over by the ideas of the Protestant Reformation a castle showing the royal and Catholic power. The high windows of the Renaissance wing are inspired by those drawn in Book II of architecture by Androuet du Cerceaupublished in 1561. Galliot de La Tour's sister, Isabelle de Limeuil, was to be part of Catherine de' Medici's "flying squadron". To spy on her for the benefit of the Queen, she will have to satisfy the wishes of Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé and Protestant. From this union will be born a son, Nicolas, in 1564, who was born during a ball in the presence of the court at Bar-le-Duc. After having retired to a convent, then to the Château de Lanquais, Catherine de Médicis favored her marriage in 1567 with her banker Scipio Sardini. She died in 1609 at the Château de Chaumont-sur-Loireafter having tried in vain to oppose the inheritance of the Château de Lanquais by Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne.
March 24, 1577, Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (1555-1623), cousin of Galliot de La Tour, but Protestant and attached to the interests of the King of Navarre – the future Henri IV, besieged the Château de Lanquais. With five cannons, he fired 200 cannonballs at the castle. This attack led to the work being stopped.
In 1588, the castle was inherited by Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, who was Galhiot de La Tour's sole legatee.
In 1591, Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne became Duke of Bouillon and Prince of Sedan following his marriage to Charlotte de La Marck. He had contributed in 1587 to the victory of Coutras by the troops of Henri IV.
In 1592, in gratitude for his services, Henri IV appointed Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Admiral of France.
In 1594, Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne became Marshal of France.
In 1595 he married Elisabeth de Nassau, daughter of Guillaume de Nassau , known as the Taciturne, Prince of Orange and Stadtholder of Holland, also son-in-law of Admiral de Coligny who had been assassinated during the night of St. Bartholomew in Paris on August 24, 1572. From this marriage will be born Frédéric Maurice, Duke of Bouillon, and the future Marshal of Turenne (1611-1675).
In 1598, Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne became Duke and Peer of France.
In 1600, Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne and Elisabeth de Nassau ordered the construction of the chimneys of the castle from Italian artists. Elisabeth de Nassau made two stays at the castle.
In 1602, Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne took part in the plot set up by Charles de Gontaut, Duke of Biron, with the Duke of Savoy and the Spanish governor of Milan. After the discovery of this plot, King Henri IV forgives him, unlike the Duke of Biron who is beheaded.
In 1604, end of the decoration of the rooms inside the Renaissance wing.
After 1623, the castle returned to the son of Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, born of the second marriage, Frédéric-Maurier (1605-1652), Duke of Bouillon. The provincial castle will be gradually neglected. It will be sold to the Duc d'Antin.
In 1643, Cardinal Théodore de La Tour (1643-1715), grand chaplain of France and dean of the Sacred College, was born at the castle.
In 1732, Marie de Mons, widow of Michel de Gourgues, bought the Château de Lanquais from the Duke of Antin.
On 10 Nivôse year IV of the Republic, an inventory of the castle shows that there is practically no furniture left in the castle.
In 1949 , on the death of the Abbé de Gourgues, the château returned to his sister, Mme Foucher de Brandois and her family.
Notes and references
“ Château de Lanquais ” [ archive ], notice n ° PA00082605, base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture. Accessed August 21, 2009
Official castle website
See as well
Lanquais Castle on Commons
Bibliography
André Chastel, “The Château de Lanquais” in Archaeological Congress of France. 137th session. Perigord Noir, 1979, p. 130-145, French Archaeological Society, Paris, 1982
Jean Secret and Jacques Gardelles, The guide to the castles of France. Dordogne, Hermé, Paris, 1981 (ISBN 2-86665-006-9)
Jean-Pierre Babelon, Castles of France at the time of the Renaissance, p. 492-495, Flammarion/Picard, Paris, 1989 (ISBN 2-08-012062-X) and (ISBN 2-7084-0387-7)
Guy Penaud, Dictionary of the Châteaux of Périgord, Sud-Ouest Editions, Bordeaux, 1996 (ISBN 2-87901-221-X)
Jacques Lagrange, The Périgord of a thousand and one castles, Pilote 24 edition, Périgueux, 2005 (ISBN 2-912347-51-3)
Gilles Séraphin, The Château de Fumel and the Renaissance in the Haut-Agenais and southern Périgord at the time of Catherine de Médicis, p.183-211, Memoirs of the Archaeological Society of the South of France, 1996, volume 56 (read online)
Related articles
List of castles and residences in the Dordogne
List of historical monuments in the district of Bergerac
List of historic monuments in the Dordogne
List of historical monuments protected in 1942 and 2010
external links
Architecture Resource: deserved
Visit to Aquitaine: Château de Lanquais [archive]
icône décorative Portal of the castles of France icône décorative Dordogne portal icône décorative Portal of French historical monuments
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